![]() published in 2003, including new species for which protocols were not available at that time, and also novel methodologies developed during these years. This list is an update of the compilation work of Maluszynski et al. Have been published, including the method by which they were obtained and the corresponding references. Pollen is a male sperm-producing gametophyte in seed-bearing plants, and female sex cells are found within plant ovules.In this chapter, we present a list of species (and few interspecific hybrids) where haploids and/or doubled haploids ![]() ![]() Ova, compared to the male gamete, are non-motile and comparatively large. Note: Reproductive cells or sex cells that join to form a new cell called a zygote during sexual reproduction are gametes. Among females, there are only haploids in their eggs and sperm cells. Diploid species that replicate sexually are (having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent). There are haploid organisms which reproduce asexually. ![]() The consistency of a cell or organism that has a single chromosome set is haploid. Before the kind we are familiar with, this type of reproduction happened (egg and sperm). This type occurs in algae and yeasts, for instance. But remember that what are called gametes are created by them. Since both gametes look similar, they should not be defined as "male" or "female." Instead, it is said that species undergoing isogamy have separate forms of mating, most generally referred to as strains "+" and "-". Isogamy is a mode of sexual reproduction that includes gametes of similar morphology (similar shape and size), varying only in allele expression in one or more mating-type regions. They should, but not alone, through isogamy. Male and female gametes combine during fertilization, forming a zygote diploid (i.e., having paired chromosomes). Hint: Gametes are created by meiosis (reduction division), in which a germ cell is subjected to two fissions, resulting in four gametes being produced.
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